SIVAKUMAR , V and RAVI VERMA , V and RAO , P G and SWAMINATHAN, G (2007) Studies on the use of power ultrasound in solid-liquid myrobalan extraction process. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15 (18). pp. 1813-1818.

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Abstract

Focus on eco-friendly processing techniques makes vegetable tanning a viable option in leather processing and establishes the subsequent need for the more efficient methods of extraction in tannin manufacture. Application of ultrasound has been tried in the extraction of tannins from myrobalan nuts in order to improve the extraction efficiency, to perform the extraction under milder process conditions and to reduce the processtime.Theinfluenceofprocessparameterssuchasultrasonicoutputpower,timeandtemperaturehasbeenstudied.Scale-uptrialsandthe use of ultrasound in pulse mode have also been attempted. The results show that a three- to fivefold improvement is possible with ultrasonic output from 20 to 100 W. Extraction efficiency has been calculated from the maximum extractable materials from myrobalan nuts. Extraction efficiencyisfoundtobe90%forultrasound,100Wwithoutexternalheatingascomparedto77%forcontrolprocessat70 Cfor4 h.Therefore, ultrasound could be employed even dispensing with provision for temperature controls. The use of ultrasound in pulse mode offered 70% extraction efficiencyof continuous mode. Scale-up trials indicate that there exists an optimum ultrasonic output power depending on the amount ofnutsused, toachievebetter extraction efficiency.Theeffectivenessofultrasonicallyextractedtanninsolutionhasalsobeentestedinthetanning process for its applicability. The degree of tanning efficacy has been assessed by shrinkage temperature measurement. The results indicate that ultrasonically extracted tannin solution is suitable for tanning process. Therefore, application of ultrasound in tannin extract manufacture is a viable option with added advantages.  2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	Engineering > Chemical Engineering
Divisions:	UNSPECIFIED
Depositing User:	Dr. PK Barooah
Date Deposited:	30 Dec 2011 09:17
Last Modified:	30 Dec 2011 09:17
URI:	http://neist.csircentral.net/id/eprint/248

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